ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY

Development of new technologies and their practical application are urgently needed in order to tackle the many environmental issues facing humanity on a global scale, including climate change, the deterioration of ecosystems and biodiversity, the spread of pollution, the concentration of populations into urban centres, and rising production and consumption.

Many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations (UN) are deeply interlinked with the resolution of environmental problems. The development of measures to combat climate change, including those to counter related negative impact, is a critical global task, as stated in SDG 13: Take urgent action to counter climate change and its impacts.

Meanwhile, conservation and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity in environments such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, and oceans, as well as their sustainable utilization, are outlined in SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, and SDG14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

Other pressing issues that must be tackled in order for humans to live healthy, fulfilling lives include prevention of environmental pollution by harmful substances, restoration of polluted environments, attainment of food and water security, maintenance and upkeep of key social infrastructure in urban areas, and management and prevention of waste. The basis of such efforts includes the development of sustainable urban societies based on low- environmental impact production and consumption, and the creation of areas fit for human settlement, which interlink with the UN SDGs in multiple facets.

To solve these issues, it is important that we combine the respective knowledge of natural and social sciences to develop new technologies, apply these in a real-world setting to reduce the impact on the environment and construct sustainable economic and societal systems, work to inform and educate the public, continue to further refine and enhance the knowledge and experience gained through this research, and to communicate this information effectively throughout the world.

Examples of the list main research subjects:-

*Other subjects are also acceptable if they meet the requirements mentioned above.

*Research topics such as energy systems for low carbon societies, recyclable energy, new energy types, and energy saving, should be under Bioresources, even they also can be fit into this category